امتحان مدیریت
الف :واژگان ذیل را تلفظ کنید ویک مترادف به زبان انگلیسی برایشان بیاوریدو سپس هریک از آنهارا دریک جمله انگلیسی بکارببرید:
Fertilize shrink
Precipitate proportion
Aggregate rate
Flood integrity
Unleash seep
Harmless submerge
Adapt corrosion
Mental convey
Dispose permeate
Emission recede
ب- واژگان ذیل راتلفظ کنید و معادل فارسی آنها را بگویید:
React concession
Transparency remain
Maintain bolster
Customer extricate
Disaster menace
Disturbance memorial
Pillar capitalize
Impair proposal
Proactive repression
Pummel contradiction
Administration dominate
Frustrate offensive
diminish particular
ب- جملات ذیل رابخوانید و ترجمه کنید:
1. collide v. To come together with great or violent force
As usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws’ views on politics
collided with their own.
2 . famine n. Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage
The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused
large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America.
3. unleash v. To release a thing or an emotion
When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed
their dogs.
He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash
his feelings.
4. A tsunami is a series of waves generated in a body of water by an
impulsive disturbance. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions,
explosions, and even the impact of meteorites can generate tsunamis.
Starting at sea, a tsunami slowly approaches land, growing in height and
losing energy through bottom friction and turbulence.
5. inherent adj. Naturally characteristic; always found within something,
because it’s a basic part of that thing
No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in any
kind of work.
6. survive v. To continue living (despite some danger or illness)
After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wild
plants and catching fish.
7. Legs of humans can move only so fast under the best of circumstances, and they work even slower over mountain passes or deserts.
8. deplete v. To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material
The prolonged war depleted the country’s national treasury.
9. emission n. Sending out from a small space into the general environment;
a substance discharged into the air
The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission of
pollutants into the air.
10. arbitrary adj. Chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific
reason
The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was
arbitrary, without any thought to future housing patterns.
11.infinitesimal adj. Immeasurably small
The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the
water was safe to drink.
12. Time is, as we all know, money. Such valuation of time leads people to
extreme efforts to maximize their use of time. Some people obsess over
knowing the exact time.
13. feasibly adv. Practically; in a way that can work
Scientists can’t feasibly bring energy from deep ocean currents to
where it is needed—on land.
14. integrally adv. In a whole or complete manner
Writing and spelling are taught integrally as part of the reading
program.
15. Petrifaction often occurs in trees that are found adjacent to rivers,
floodable areas, and volcanoes,which provide the mud or ash that initially
covers the organic matter.
16. detection n. Discovering something that cannot easily be found
With new medical technology, the detection of cancer is much easier
nowadays.
17. implement v. To make use of; to carry out
Not until after the new software was installed could we implement
the new filing system.
18. Many smaller companies, however, can’t fund their own full-time, in-house technical help. Instead, many of them assign the task of computer maintenance to a current employee who may not have any formal training.
19. component n. One part of a system or whole
Their home theater system has a number of separate components.
Usage tips Component is often followed or preceded by of.
20. solar adj. Of, or relating to, the sun
The ancient society kept time with a solar calendar.
21. The steam rotates a shaft that is connected to a generator that produces
electricity. Finally, that electricity is converted by a transformer and
conveyed from the turbine to its place of use.
22. gap n. Opening; a big difference in amount or quality
The small gap between the walls in the old house caused cold drafts
to come in.
23. intervene v. To come between
A good mediator intervenes only as much as necessary to settle a
dispute between other parties.
24. In its second stage, storage, memories can become further distorted.
Over time, our memories degrade, as we forget portions of events. To
compensate, we may even creatively fill in the gap created by the
recession of long-term memory.
25. animism n. The belief that natural objects, such as trees, have souls
Desert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds contain
spirits.
26. ecclesiastical adj. Relating to a church
He was looking specifically for a university where he could study
ecclesiastical history.
27. During the communist years, many Russians who practiced
Orthodoxy sacrificed career and educational opportunities. The tenacity
of Russian Orthodoxy may explain why even nonreligious Russians are
inclined to call themselves Russian Orthodox.
جملات ذیل را ترجمه کنید:
28. You do not want customers and suppliers to learn about your crisis through the media. Information on any crisis pertaining to your organization should come from you first.
29. What is most important is that you create the crisis management plan when everything is running smoothly and everyone involved can think clearly.
30. Crises are not routine events (such as fires or traffic accidents). Crises are inconceivable events that often take politicians, citizens, and reporters by complete surprise.
31. Critical decisions must be made and implemented under considerable time pressure and in the absence of essential information about causes and consequences.
32. The combination of these factors explains why relatively small disturbances can rapidly develop into deep crises and why the effects of crisis management are inherently limited.
33. Once a crisis has escalated into view, authorities can only try to minimize its consequences.
The contested nature of a crisis further complicates the situation.
34. Veteran military officers, journalists, and fire and police commanders are known for this. Some organizations have developed a proactive culture of “looking for problems” in their environment.
35. Weather emergencies are generally opportunities for presidents to show their leadership skills and appear strong in front of the electorate.
36. The fall election strategy appears to hinge on this phenomenon. The parties are no longer content to fire up their bases with policy initiatives, grand ideas for issue-based change or even a call to party loyalty.
37. The Trump administration’s agreement with the Taliban represents a full retreat. It’s an agreement that most Republicans would deplore if a Democrat president made the deal, and they’d be right to be angry.
38. The combination of the planned American retreat and the planned prisoner release would represent a substantial change in the balance of forces in Afghanistan.
39. America is making these concrete concessions in exchange for unenforceable promises from an untrustworthy enemy.
40. It has removed the Taliban from power, and denied Al-Qaeda and other enemies the safe havens they need to reconstitute and re-emerge as a worldwide terrorist menace.
